References
The sources behind the summary.
Every quantitative claim on this site is keyed to one of the citations below. Most link to PubMed, DailyMed, or the publisher.
- Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2019. ↗
- Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Clayton AH. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2019. ↗
- Clayton AH, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Sadiq A, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA. Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program. Journal of Women's Health. 2022. ↗
- Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Jordan R, Lucas J, Sadiq A, Krop J, Clayton AH. Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide. Journal of Women's Health (Larchmt). 2022. ↗
- Pfaus JG, Sadiq A, Spana C, Clayton AH. The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. CNS Spectrums. 2022. ↗
- Borland JM, Kohut-Jackson AL, Peyla AC, Hall MAL, Mermelstein PG, Meisel RL. Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2025. ↗
- Suzuki S, Kitanaka C, Okada M. Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cells via Suppression of Survivin Expression. Anticancer Research. 2024. ↗
- Shadiack AM, Sharma SD, Earle DC, Spana C, Hallam TJ. Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide. Journal of Hypertension. 2017. ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration / Palatin Technologies / AMAG Pharmaceuticals. Bremelanotide Injection — Prescribing Information. DailyMed / FDA Label. 2019. ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration / Palatin Technologies. Bremelanotide Injection — Prescribing Information, Section 7 Drug Interactions. FDA / DailyMed. 2019. ↗
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Bremelanotide — LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. LiverTox, NIH/NCBI Bookshelf. 2022. ↗
- Diamond LE, Earle DC, Heiman JR, Rosen RC, Perelman MA, Harning R. An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2006. ↗
- Rowen TS, Abdo C, el Kak F, Maseroli E, Pope R, Prasad P, Velten J, Vignozzi L. Evaluation and management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women. Recommendations from the 5th International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024). Sexual Medicine Reviews. 2025. ↗
- Edinoff AN, Sanders NM, Lewis KB, Apgar TL, Cornett EM, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Bremelanotide for Treatment of Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire. Neurology International. 2022. ↗
- Kingsberg SA, Althof SE, Clayton AH, Kroll R, Goldstein I, Krop J, Spana C, Lucas J, Jordan R, Portman DJ. Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide. Sexual Medicine. 2019. ↗
- Palatin Technologies. Palatin Reports Positive Appetite Suppression Results From Phase 2 Obesity Study of MC4R Agonist Bremelanotide and Tirzepatide (BMT-801). Palatin Technologies press release. 2025. ↗
- Palatin Technologies. Palatin Announces the Initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Study of Bremelanotide Co-Administered with a PDE5i for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. Palatin Technologies / Urology Times press release. 2024. ↗